Type-2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar. It becomes increasingly common due to lifestyle and environmental factors, along with genetic predispositions. Understanding the risk factors for type-2 diabetes can help to assess your risk level and take steps to prevent the disease.
- Family history
Having a family member with type-2 diabetes, like a parent or sibling, increases your likelihood of developing the condition. This suggests a genetic component to the disease.
- Age
Although type-2 diabetes can occur at any age, the risk increases after age 45. With age, the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar may decline.
- Weight
Being overweight or obese is one of the most significant risk factors and causes. Excess body fat, particularly around the abdomen, contributes to insulin resistance, which can lead to type-2 diabetes.
- Lack of physical activity
Physical activity helps to manage weight and uses glucose for energy. Lack of exercise is linked to higher blood sugar levels and an increased risk of diabetes.
- Diet
A diet high in refined carbohydrates, sugars, and unhealthy fats increases the risk of developing type-2 diabetes. A diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins can help manage blood sugar levels.
- High blood pressure and cholesterol
High blood pressure and elevated cholesterol levels are associated with a higher risk of developing type-2 diabetes. Both conditions can damage blood vessels and make it harder for the body to manage blood sugar.
- Pre-diabetes
Pre-diabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. If left untreated, pre-diabetes often progresses to type-2 diabetes over time.
- Gestational Diabetes
Women who develop diabetes during pregnancy are at greater risk for developing type-2 diabetes later in life. Children born to mothers with gestational diabetes also have a higher risk.
How to Reduce Your Risk
While some of the risk factors for type-2 diabetes, like genetics and age, are out of your control, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your chances of developing the disease. Tips to reduce your risk include:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
Even a small amount of weight loss can lower your risk if you’re overweight.
- Stay physically active
Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week, such as brisk walking or cycling.
- Eat a balanced diet
Focus on whole grains, lean proteins, and plenty of fruits and vegetables.
- Limit processed foods and sugars
Reducing sugar intake can help manage blood glucose levels.
- Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol
Regular doctor’s visits can help manage these conditions.
Type-2 diabetes is a preventable and manageable disease with the right lifestyle changes and awareness of risk factors. By understanding and managing your risks, you can take control of your health and prevent or delay the onset of type-2 diabetes.
Reviewed by Shannon Hodson, MA, CHHC
Reference:
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023, March 14). Type-2 diabetes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20351193
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